i don't think they ever discussed the mechanics behind the transwarp conduit before. how it actually works is somewhat unknown. based on the terminology hub/conduit/network they make it sound akin to some kind of subway/rail system with the hub being the central station. so there are set paths to different destinations/stops.
but they never go into any detail on how the travel is actually executed. the concept of warp drive is somewhat built on real world physics theories/ideas, the notion of transwarp goes beyond anything relevant to today's physics.